ByteDance’s TikTok has thrust U.S. users into a fresh privacy debate with policy updates tied to its seismic ownership shift, now allowing collection of precise GPS location and explicitly listing sensitive details like immigration status. The changes, effective January 22, 2026, under new entity TikTok USDS Joint Venture LLC, prompted in-app pop-ups demanding agreement, igniting viral backlash across platforms.

Previously, TikTok’s policy barred precise GPS data from American users, relying on approximate signals from IP addresses or SIM cards. The revamped terms state: “We may also collect precise location data, depending on your settings.” This opt-in feature, off by default, mirrors practices on Instagram and X but arrives amid heightened scrutiny post-ownership change. Wired detailed how the shift enables granular tracking if users enable device location services.

The joint venture, brokered under President Trump’s executive order, features Oracle, Silver Lake, and Abu Dhabi’s MGX as 15% stakeholders each, with ByteDance holding 19.9%. Oracle, led by Trump ally Larry Ellison, secures U.S. user data and the recommendation algorithm in its cloud. “The mandate is to secure U.S. user data, apps and the algorithm through comprehensive data privacy and cybersecurity measures,” the venture stated, per BBC.

Ownership Overhaul Reshapes Data Controls

This structure averts a threatened ban from 2024 legislation mandating divestiture over national security fears tied to China’s National Intelligence Law. Trump extended deadlines, finalizing the deal January 22. Adam Presser, ex-TikTok operations head, leads as CEO, with Shou Zi Chew on the board. Republican Rep. John Moolenaar questioned: “Does this deal ensure China does not have influence over the algorithm?” as oversight looms.

Sensitive data disclosures, flagged in the policy since 2024 but spotlighted now, list “citizenship or immigration status,” racial origin, religious beliefs, health diagnoses, sexual orientation, and transgender status from user content or surveys. Compliance with California’s CCPA and CPRA drives this, per TechCrunch. Jennifer Daniels of Blank Rome explained: “TikTok is required under those laws to notify users in the privacy policy that the sensitive personal information is being collected.”

Philip Yannella added the language counters litigation under California’s Invasion of Privacy Act alleging ethnic data grabs. Ashlee Difuntorum noted: “Policies like this often look alarming because they’re written for regulators and litigators, not for ordinary consumers.” Yet, amid U.S. immigration tensions, users see red flags.

User Outrage Ignites Viral Backlash

X erupted with alarms. GEEDEE posted screenshots: “NO ONE is talking about Tiktok’s latest update… tracks your citizenship/immigration status, Religious beliefs, mental and physical health diagnosis, your race, if you’re TRANS or NONBINARY, sexual preferences.” Amassing 163,000 likes, it fueled delete calls. Another user warned: “The new terms and conditions also give… rights to your mental health, sexual identity, immigration status info.” Reddit threads echoed panic, with one querying: “Have they always tracked citizenship??”

Mashable highlighted content scanning, even pre-upload for AI features like hashtags, extracting traits despite filters. Expanded ad networks now pull third-party data for off-app targeting: “Advertisers… provide us with information about you and the actions you have taken outside of our websites and apps.” The New York Times noted pop-ups reference external ad changes.

AI data grabs are novel: prompts, files, metadata on creation “how, when, where, and by whom.” TikTok’s policy, last updated January 22, 2026, spells this verbatim. Users like @succykelly amplified: “wtf wrong with tiktok?” tying it to perceived censorship shifts post-deal.

Legal Mandates Fuel Policy Precision

California’s AB-947 added immigration status to sensitive categories in 2023, demanding disclosures. Precise geolocation joins as CCPA-defined sensitive info. TikTok processes it “in accordance with applicable law,” exempt for services. Meta’s policy lists similar but skips immigration explicitly. EPIC’s Caitriona Fitzgerald told the Times: “Location tracking has become common across social media.”

Opt-outs exist: disable location in settings, limit permissions. But inertia rules; many click through unread. The venture shares some data globally “consistent with applicable law,” per archives via Wayback Machine showing prior approximate-only limits.

Industry watchers eye ad revenue boosts from richer profiles. TikTok’s 200 million U.S. users face tailored off-platform ads via partners using pixels and IDs. As @judgmentcenter clarified on X: “Plot twist, most of that’s been in the policy since August 2024… Precise location tracking instead of approximate.”

National Security vs. Privacy Tradeoffs

The irony stings: fears of Beijing surveillance birthed U.S. control, now sparking domestic spying worries. Users decry Oracle’s role, with @lizdoesfilm noting: “oracle/ellison (right wing tech company/billionaire) bought it… new terms… mental health, sexuality, location, politics.” Protests link it to enforcement climates.

TikTok USDS declined Wired comment; spokespeople silent elsewhere. Venture vows safeguards, but Rep. Moolenaar demands answers. As data flows to Oracle clouds, users weigh convenience against granularity—from IP pings to GPS pins, content scans to status inferences.

For insiders, this signals platforms’ tightrope: state laws force blunt disclosures, ownership pivots enable tech like precise tracking, and virality amplifies fears. TikTok’s policy links confirm: turn off services anytime, but vigilance defines the new era.