Highly skilled Bulgarians are streaming back from Germany, lured by the promise of fatter paychecks through remote arrangements with their former employers. This shift, accelerated by post-pandemic flexibility, marks a reversal in long-standing migration patterns. Data from Germany’s Federal Statistical Office reveals a negative migration balance of minus 11,000 Bulgarians in 2024, the first such turn in years, while Bulgaria’s National Institute of Statistics reports over 18,000 returns against just 9,000 emigrants that year—a trend building since 2022. Around 432,000 Bulgarians still reside in Germany, but the tide is changing for professionals in IT, energy, and economics.

The catalyst? Lower Bulgarian taxes and social security rates transform gross salaries into substantially higher net income. A Munich professional earning €8,000 gross monthly might net €4,500 after German deductions, but the same pay under Bulgarian rules yields around €6,000 net, according to Munich-based lawyer Konstantin Ruskov, who advises German firms on these relocations. “In recent years, I have observed a new trend—more and more young and well-educated Bulgarians are leaving Germany and working remotely from Bulgaria,” Ruskov told DW. From five clients at the pandemic’s start, he now handles 80 German companies employing one to 20 Bulgarians each remotely.

EU regulations facilitate this seamlessly: simple, inexpensive registration in Bulgaria, with employees insured under the local system, slashing non-wage costs for German employers amid their skilled labor shortages. “This lowers non-wage labor costs… German companies do not incur any investment costs,” Ruskov explained. Bulgaria’s average monthly salary hovers at €1,300, making the influx transformative for returnees’ savings.

Personal Stories Fuel the Exodus

Kristina Borisova, 41, returned to Pomorie from Germany in early 2025 after eight years, now working remotely for an eastern German energy firm. “In Bulgaria, my monthly net income is around €300 higher from my German salary,” she said. Living rent-free with parents, Borisova pockets over €700 surplus monthly after expenses. “The financial benefit is great. But the best thing is that I’m close to my family.”

Radimir Bitsov, 38, left Berlin after eight years for Sofia during the COVID-19 pandemic, coinciding with his child’s birth. Employed by a small Düsseldorf IT firm, ACB Studio, he enjoys “around 20% more” net income as a bonus to family proximity. “It was very difficult to find a larger apartment in Berlin, and we wanted to be close to our family,” Bitsov shared.

Silvi Bojadzhieva, 34, economist, relocated from Munich to Sofia after a decade abroad to build a family with her partner, continuing remotely for Avidly Germany GmbH, a Finnish-owned firm. “Earning a Western salary in Bulgaria has great advantages,” she noted, though she worries about infrastructure lags.

Migration Data Signals Broader Reversal

Bulgaria’s returns outpaced outflows consistently since 2022: 19,032 returns versus 11,972 emigrants in 2022; 17,017 versus 11,913 in 2023; and 18,205 versus 9,119 in 2024, per the National Statistical Institute. OECD’s International Migration Outlook 2025 notes 43% of Bulgarian emigrants head to Germany, but political instability slowed outflows amid Schengen accession on January 1, 2025. No precise figures track remote returns to German firms, but anecdotes and lawyer caseloads suggest scale.

Reddit threads on r/bulgaria echo this: one user observed “80% of my acquaintances in Western Europe have come back,” citing higher Bulgarian offers or healthcare costs abroad. Another r/Sofia post highlights remote EU jobs paying far above local rates, with Germans favoring Bulgarians for regulated roles unoutsourcable to lower-cost nations like India.

This mirrors a EU-wide remote work evolution, with Bulgaria’s low costs—despite recent rises in food and clothing prices outpacing Germany’s in Sofia—amplifying appeal. Returnees miss German orderliness and healthcare but prioritize finances and family.

German Firms Gain, Bulgaria Faces Risks

Employers benefit doubly: talent retention without relocation expenses or high German social contributions. Ruskov emphasizes, “The reasons for returning… for quite a few… the motivation is primarily financial.” Amid Germany’s labor crunch, this model thrives.

Yet challenges loom. Rising Bulgarian costs erode gains—”some things like clothes and food are even more expensive than in Germany,” Borisova noted. Political turmoil, including the December 2025 government resignation over a proposed 2026 tax hike sparking protests, unnerves returnees. Bojadzhieva warned, “If the tax burden… increases without better services… this will lead to a significant decline in the quality of life.” Ruskov shares concerns: seven elections since 2020 could prompt outflows if instability persists.

Bulgaria’s OECD profile highlights neglected integration policies as Schengen boosts inflows, while remote work lacks specific abroad regulations per CMS Law’s guide. Recent Labor Code updates enhance home-office flexibility, aiding sustainability.

Remote Work’s EU Framework Enables Shift

Bulgaria’s Labor Code Section VIIIb governs remote work, defining it as tech-enabled labor outsourced from employer premises. Employers must ensure health and safety; no discrimination against remote staff. For abroad remote, international private law applies, often Bulgarian if chosen.

Remote.com details freelance permits for self-employed via the Employment Agency, enabling Type D visas. Remofirst notes Type D for up to six months suits nomads, with Sofia’s coworking and low costs drawing crowds. Bulgaria launched a digital nomad visa in late 2025, per Remote Work Europe, requiring embassy applications and minimum income.

X (formerly Twitter) buzz, including DW News post, amplifies the DW article, signaling real-time interest without deeper discussions.

Implications for Labor Markets

This ‘brain circulation’ could revitalize Bulgaria’s economy, injecting Western salaries into local spending. Reddit users note 80% homeownership aids stability versus European renting. Yet, OECD urges monitoring as Schengen eases third-country inflows, straining resources.

German firms like those Ruskov advises—from IT to energy—cut costs while keeping talent, per his firm’s site specializing in cross-border labor. Fakti.bg mirrors DW stories, confirming the pattern: “more and more young and educated Bulgarians are returning from Germany.”

For insiders, this tests EU labor mobility: remote work hacks fiscal disparities, but sustainability hinges on Bulgarian stability. Returnees like Bitsov and Bojadzhieva eye re-emigration if taxes rise or services falter, per DW interviews.